Christopher A.L. Caruana

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Founded in 2006 to meet the needs of small and medium enterprises and individuals, the Law Office of Christopher A.L. Caruana provides these clients with the experience and expertise found on Bay Street and Wall Street. Through the implementation of technology in areas such as knowledge management and documentary production, we provide our clients with the same levels of service and resources previously offered by only the largest firms in North America.

Paula is a senior law clerk working with the firm. In her 15 years as a legal assistant and a law clerk, she has had experience in real estate conveyancing, wills and estates, collections and mortgage enforcement litigation.

Emily is a junior law clerk working with the firm. Prior to joining us, Emily worked with Teranet as a clerk assisting in the conversion of Ontario's land registry system. Emily has experience in corporate/commercial, litigation and commercial real estate practices.

Prior to 2001, only a handful of professionals (such as engineers) were permitted to incorporate their practices. In 2001 the majority of professions were given this similar right – but it came with restrictions. There are two major restrictions. The first restriction is that a “shareholder” in a professional corporation does not have limited liability like a shareholder in a “regular” corporation – at least for professional liability.

The legal requirements for corporations leads one to an initial jurisdictional determination. In Canada, corporations can exist at either a provincial or a federal level. Provincially incorporated corporations are governed in Ontario by the Business Corporations Act (“OBCA"). Federally incorporated corporations are governed in Canada by the Canada Business Corporations Act (“CBCA"). The difference between the two is, not surprisingly, the geographical area within which a corporation can act. A CBCA corporation may conduct business anywhere in Canada.

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